Tương Đen Nam Dương is a Vietnamese dark sauce made from fermented soybeans and produced by Nam Dương. It is made through a natural soybean fermentation process during which its characteristic aroma and depth of flavor develop. Unlike liquid soy sauce, tương đen has a considerably thicker texture and a more pronounced sweet and savory profile. Fermented soybeans provide an umami character, while sweetness balances the saltiness and makes the sauce suitable for direct serving. The finished product has a dark brown color and a smooth, uniform consistency. In Vietnamese cuisine, this type of sauce is traditionally served with phở, either added directly to the broth or used as a dipping sauce for the meat. Tương Đen Nam Dương can also be served with fresh rice paper rolls, bò bía, beef and fish balls, and grilled meat. It is also suitable for marinating, adding a combination of sweetness, saltiness, and fermented soybean flavor to various ingredients.