The history of Peking duck goes back to China's Yuan Dynasty of the 13th century. Bianyifang, Beijing's oldest restaurant specializing in Peking duck has been in business since the Jiajing reign of the 16th century, serving as a testament to the popularity of this succulent, tantalizing dish. The duck is cooked until the skin turns golden and crispy and the meat becomes tender, slightly sweet, and moist. Both the meat and the skin are then folded in thin pancakes or steamed white buns. To make an authentic Beijing kao ya, the duck must be a white feathered American Pekin, hung for 24 hours, and pumped with air through a small puncture between the breasts and wings. It is usually brushed with a mixture of ginger, oil, hoisin sauce, honey, and rice vinegar, then vertically hung and slowly roasted to perfection. When the dish is served, the skin will often come first as an appetizer, followed by the meat which is accompanied by cucumbers, scallions, hoisin sauce, buns, and pancakes. With its 400-year history, exquisite flavors, and elaborate preparation, it comes as no surprise that Peking duck is one of the most famous Chinese dishes.
These Chinese dumplings known as jiaozi, consisting of a thinly rolled piece of dough which contains either meat or a vegetable filling, are one of the most popular and most commonly eaten dishes in China and East Asia. They can be served either as an appetizer or as the main course, always with a side of soy sauce-based dipping sauce. Traditionally, jiaozi are always eaten for Chinese New Year. Depending on how they are cooked, jiaozi dumplings can be classified into three categories: boiled, steamed, and pan-fried, but when it comes to folding techniques, there are many, and the most popular one is known as pinched-edge fold, which results in crescent-shaped jiaozi, the most popular shape in China. Well-known variations of jiaozi dumplings include the smaller variety gaau ji that has a thin, translucent wrapping, the pan-fried guotie, and the Japanese-style dumpling, gyoza.
Shuǐjiǎo are boiled dumplings in which an unleavened wheat dough wrapper is folded around a savory filling of minced meat and finely chopped vegetables. The origins date back to the Eastern Han Dynasty and are attributed to the physician Zhang Zhongjing, who formulated it as a medicinal remedy to treat frostbitten ears during severe winters, using warming herbs and mutton wrapped in dough scraps. Over the centuries, this medicinal application evolved into a widespread culinary staple closely associated with the Lunar New Year, as its crescent shape resembles ancient metal ingots, symbolizing prosperity and wealth. The plain wheat flour and water are kneaded into a smooth, elastic dough, which rests briefly before being rolled into long cylinders. These cylinders are cut into small, uniform nubs and flattened with a small wooden rolling pin into thin, circular wrappers, ideally leaving the center slightly thicker than the edges to hold the heavy filling without tearing. A spoonful of the minced mixture—usually seasoned heavily with soy sauce, toasted sesame oil, minced ginger, and white pepper—is placed in the center. The dough is folded in half, and the edges are firmly pinched together to seal the contents, often incorporating multiple tight pleats along the rim for structural integrity. A large pot of water is brought to a rolling boil, and the raw dumplings are dropped inside. As they boil, cold water is added directly to the pot up to three times to lower the temperature slightly; this technique ensures the raw meat inside finishes cooking before the delicate exterior disintegrates into starch. Once they float continuously at the surface and the skins turn slightly translucent, they are scooped out with a slotted spoon. While the base assembly remains uniform, the internal components vary drastically by geographic region and personal preference. Northern areas heavily favor napa cabbage and ground pork, while southern regions often incorporate whole shrimp, garlic chives, or shiitake mushrooms. Vegetarian versions rely entirely on pressed tofu, glass noodles, and wood ear mushrooms to provide bulk and texture. Regardless of the interior, they hit the table steaming hot on large communal plates. They are immediately consumed after being dunked into small, individual bowls containing a sharp, customizable mixture of black rice vinegar, light soy sauce, raw crushed garlic, and roasted chili oil.
Zhajiangmian is a Shandong specialty, consisting of wheat noodles in soybean sauce and vegetables such as summer radish and sliced cucumbers. The sauce is usually made by cooking ground pork or beef in combination with fermented soybean paste. There is also a vegetarian version of the dish that substitutes the meat with smoked tofu in the production of the sauce. Although the dish is native to China, it was embraced by the Koreans 100 years ago, when it was introduced to them by Shandong immigrants. In Korea, the dish is known as ja jang myun, and it is extremely popular because it is cheap, convenient, and casual. It has become so commercialized in Korea that it can even be bought in an instant ramen package.
One of China's favorite breakfast foods and an everyday snack, baozi - or simply bao, as it’s usually called - is a steamed bun, made with the so-called mantou bread, and stuffed with a wide variety of fillings ranging from savory to sweet, but they typically include various meats, seafood, or vegetables. Most popular types are char siu bao, filled with Cantonese-style barbecued pork; the smaller, mincemeat-filled Shanghai-style baozi called xiao long bao or Shengjian mantou; and the succulent tangbao or guantang bau, large soup-filled bao buns made with pork or crab stock. These are usually served in their own individual steaming basket, with a straw used to drink the soup while the rest of the bun is eaten later. The flavorful baozi buns were originally known as a peasant dish, but with high-end restaurants breathing new life into this working-class Chinese staple, the once humble steamed bun is finally seeing its renaissance. In China, however, they are still found in virtually every corner, freshly prepared on the spot using bamboo steaming baskets, and sold by numerous street vendors.
Xiaolongbao are soup-filled dumplings originating from the 19th-century Nan Xiang, what is today Shanghai's Jiading district. It is believed that the first form of xiaolongbao was sold by Huang Mingxian, a shop owner who wanted to evolve the classic dumpling due to the increased competition of neighboring vendors. The dumplings are usually filled with a large volume of soup and minced pork, then steamed in a specially-designed bamboo steamer. Sometimes, xiaolongbao can also be filled with crab or shrimp meat. The dough is quite thin, and it is believed that it should be thicker than tang bao, but not as thick as shen jian bao. It is recommended to serve xiaolongbao dumplings while they are still hot, preferably with a vinegar and ginger dip on the side.
The name tangbao or tangbaozi refers to a broad group of steamed Chinese soup-filled dumplings. Depending on the origin, dumplings can be made with leavened or plain dumpling dough which is usually wrapped around a gelatinous filling, twisted and sealed at the top, and then steamed. While they steam, the firm filling (usually made with minced pork or crab meat) transforms into a flavorful soup, which stays safely secured inside the bun. Due to the nature of this Chinese delicacy, they are always served immediately after steaming, so the soup stays liquid and hot. Because of the sizzling filling, tangbao buns should be consumed with precaution and usually employ a unique eating technique. Chopsticks are used to hold the bun at the top, and a small bit is taken from the side, allowing the soup to pour into the wide spoon held underneath. The soup and the dumpling are usually eaten alternatively, but can also be enjoyed one at the time. One of the most common varieties of the dish includes the tangbao dumplings originating from the Jiangsu province, which are usually large in form and often come with a straw tucked inside the bun, which is used to slurp the delicious soup. Xiaolongbao, the authentic Shanghai version, is famous for its small size and slightly thinner dough. All the varieties found in China and in Chinese restaurants around the world are typically served as a snack, as a part of dim sum meals, or as a satisfying appetizer.
Donkey burger is a unique Chinese hamburger that is especially popular in Baoding and Hejian. It is prepared by filling a shao bing roll with shredded donkey meat, green peppers, and coriander leaves. The meat is usually served cold, and the burger can be found both on street corners and in upscale restaurants. Baoding donkey burger is served in a round shao bing, while the Hejian variety is served in a rectangular shao bing. It is believed that the practice of consuming donkey meat dates back to the time of Ming Dynasty.
Beggar's chicken is a whole chicken dish from Hangzhou in Zhejiang Province, prepared by wrapping the bird and cooking it slowly until the meat becomes tender and aromatic. It is associated with the culinary practices around West Lake, where poultry farming and the use of lotus leaves, clay, and long cooking times were part of regional cooking methods. The dish developed in an environment where wrapping food before slow heating helped retain moisture and protect ingredients from direct heat. Over time, Hangzhou cooks adopted the method of marinating a whole chicken, covering it in layers of leaves and an outer seal, and then cooking it in an enclosed form so the flavors concentrate inside the bird. Preparation begins with a cleaned whole chicken that is marinated with soy sauce, Shaoxing wine, ginger, scallions, and seasonings such as salt and a small amount of sugar. Some versions include a stuffing made from mushrooms, pork, ham, or chestnuts, while others leave the cavity empty. The chicken is then wrapped in lotus leaves, followed by layers of paper or cloth, before being encased in clay or a thick dough seal. It is cooked slowly, either baked or roasted, until the meat separates easily from the bone and the aromas remain inside the wrapping. When the outer shell is cracked open, the chicken emerges moist and heavily seasoned by its own juices and the marinade. There are many legends in regard to its origin. One tells about a Qing-dynasty Emperor that happened to walk by and was attracted by the aroma, so he stopped and consumed it with the beggar. He liked it so much that he added it to the list of dishes to be served at the Imperial court. Today, jiàohuā jī is served in restaurants and hotels throughout Hangzhou, particularly those emphasizing regional specialties linked to West Lake cuisine. It is typically eaten hot, presented at the table while still encased so guests can break open the covering themselves. The dish pairs well with simple accompaniments such as steamed rice, mild vegetable dishes, and broths that do not compete with its concentrated flavor. It is frequently enjoyed with Shaoxing wine or Longjing tea, both of which complement the gentle sweetness and fragrance that develop during the long, enclosed cooking process.
Hóngshāoròu is a Chinese braised pork dish made with pork belly slowly cooked in a mixture of soy sauce, sugar, rice wine, and aromatics until it becomes tender and richly flavored, with a glossy red-brown sauce coating each piece. It originates from the Jiangnan region of eastern China, particularly Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, but it is now deeply embedded in the culinary identity of many regions, each with slight variations in seasoning and texture. The technique of red-braising, which gives the dish its name, has been part of Chinese cooking for centuries, arising from a broader practice of slow-cooking meat in soy sauce and sugar to preserve moisture and develop depth of flavor. The dish gained prominence in imperial kitchens and scholar households during the Ming and Qing dynasties, where long, gentle braises were favored for their ability to transform inexpensive cuts of meat into luxurious dishes. Over time, hóngshāoròu became a home-cooked staple and a centerpiece at festive meals, symbolizing abundance and comfort. Preparation typically begins with selecting pork belly that has alternating layers of meat and fat, which ensures the right balance of tenderness and richness. The pork is blanched briefly to remove impurities, then caramelized with sugar in oil or water until lightly browned, a step that deepens the color and flavor of the final dish. Soy sauce, Shaoxing wine, ginger, star anise, and occasionally cinnamon or dried chilies are added, and the mixture is simmered slowly for one to two hours. During this time, the meat absorbs the flavors of the sauce and becomes soft enough to melt in the mouth, while the braising liquid reduces into a thick, glossy coating. Hóngshāoròu is served hot, usually as a centerpiece dish accompanied by plain steamed rice, which absorbs the rich sauce. It is often paired with lighter side dishes such as blanched greens or pickled vegetables, which provide contrast to its richness. In some regions, it is served with steamed buns or mantou, allowing diners to soak up the sauce.
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