Mekitsa is a popular Bulgarian dish that is traditionally served for breakfast. It is a flatbread made with kneaded dough that is then deep-fried in hot oil. The dough usually consists of flour, water, salt, oil, eggs, yogurt, and a leavening agent. The name mekitsa is derived from the Bulgarian root mek, meaning soft, referring to the flatbread's texture. These flatbreads can be dusted with powdered sugar or paired with yogurt, honey, cheese, or various fruit jams.
Pączki are large, deep-fried doughnuts made from rich yeast dough, heavily stuffed with sweet fruit preserves or sweet cream, and coated in a thick layer of powdered sugar or icing. The foundation of this heavy pastry relies on a highly enriched dough where yeast is dissolved in warm milk and combined with large quantities of egg yolks, butter, sugar, and wheat flour. A crucial additive is a small splash of high-proof grain alcohol or clear rum mixed directly into the batter. The alcohol evaporates rapidly upon contact with the boiling fat, creating a barrier that prevents the pastry from absorbing excess grease during deep-frying. The dough must rise twice to develop a spongy, airy crumb before small portions are rolled into uniform balls and submerged in heavily heated pork lard or vegetable oil. They fry until both sides develop a deep, dark golden-brown exterior, naturally leaving a distinct pale ring around the center where the dough floated above the fat line. After cooling slightly, a metal piping tip is used to inject various thick fillings into the center. While wild rose petal jam and dense plum butter are the most deeply rooted and widely used fillings, modern bakeries often inject them with Bavarian cream, raspberry preserve, chocolate custard, or spiced apple filling. The exterior also depends on the shop, ranging from a simple, heavy dusting of confectioner's sugar to a thick, translucent sugar glaze sprinkled generously with bits of candied orange peel. Procuring and consuming these pastries happens at an intense, rapid pace, most notably during the week preceding Lent. They are often bought by the dozens in large cardboard boxes from local bakeries and eaten at room temperature alongside a cup of hot coffee or strong black tea. Because of their rich, high-calorie nature, a single pastry serves as a standalone meal or snack. The existence of pączki traces back to the Middle Ages, though the earliest iterations were entirely savory, formed from hard dough and stuffed with salted pork fat. It was not until the 18th century, when French baking techniques arrived in Eastern Europe, that the recipe fundamentally transformed into a lighter, sweeter, sponge-like dessert. The entire concept was originally designed as a highly practical method to completely empty household pantries of expensive, perishable fats, sugars, and eggs before a strict fasting period commenced, culminating in the massive consumption event known today as Fat Thursday.
Papanași is a traditional donut-shaped pastry with a small sphere on top. It can be fried or boiled, and it's made by adding unsalted cheese such as brânză de vaci (cow's milk cheese) or urdă to a regular flour and egg dough. The fried papanași are usually donut-shaped and can be served with fruit jams, a dollop of sour cream, or powdered sugar. The boiled ones are smaller, nugget-shaped, and typically coated with a mix of breadcrumbs and sugar. This dessert can be found in most Romanian traditional restaurants or it can be prepared at home.
Nonnevot is a unique pastry originating from Limburg, dating back to at least the 17th century. The dough is prepared with flour, yeast, milk, salt, butter, lard, and brown sugar. It is then deep-fried until it develops a golden-brown color. Although nonnevot has traditionally been associated with the carnival, today it can be bought in many regional bakeries. The unusual name of this pastry means nun's butt, referring to its knotted shape and the knot on the back of a nun's uniform.
Fouskakia are traditional Greek donuts or loukoumades that are prepared on the islands of Skopelos and Alonnisos, in the northwest Aegean Sea. The name of this specialty derives from the Greek word foúska, meaning a bubble, referring to the typically small spherical shape of the fluffy fried pieces of dough which resemble bubbles. These donuts are typically made with a simple batter of flour, water, and yeast, and once deep-fried in oil, they’re usually eaten while still warm. Fouskakia are usually enjoyed drizzled with honey on top and sprinkled with cinnamon or nuts, although they can also be accompanied by scoops of ice cream on the side.
Bolas de Berlim are Portuguese donuts that are sliced in half, then filled with sweet and creamy egg-based custard. Fluffy on the exterior and thick and creamy on the interior, these donuts are typically rolled in granulated sugar before being filled with the custard. On the Portuguese coast, vendors sell these tasty balls on numerous beaches, and locals love to consume them while sunbathing. Although bolas de Berlim are typically filled with custard, they can also be ordered sem creme, meaning without the creamy filling.
Italian deep-fried doughnuts known as bomboloni are one of the traditional sweets of the Carnival season, but nowadays they can be prepared throughout the year. Even though bomboloni are said to be of Tuscan origin, they are commonly sold as a snack in numerous pasticcerias, bakeries, and coffee shops throughout the country. However, in Tuscany and further to the north of Italy, bomboloni are simply sugar-coated, while in Lazio these delectable treats take on a more decadent appearance, as biting into their sugary crust reveals a silky cream on the inside. The so-called bombolone Laziale is typically filled with either classic custard cream called crema pasticcera, or sometimes even chocolate cream. Pillow-soft, airy, and amazingly light, the delicious bomboloni are best enjoyed while they're still warm, regardless of the preferred variety.
These soft, tender Czech doughnuts are prepared with yeasted dough that is occasionally flavored with lemon zest. They are typically round and have a small indentation on the top, which is used to hold all of the delicious filling. Even though they can be baked in the oven, vdolky are usually fried in oil until golden brown. Traditionally, they are enjoyed warm, smothered in jams and topped with whipped cream or crumbled tvaroh cottage cheese.
Krapfen was probably the first European-style doughnut to appear, followed by similar varieties in other countries. These pastries are traditionally prepared with leavened dough that is deep-fried until golden and crispy on the outside, while they remain soft, light, and airy on the inside. Though krapfen can be prepared plain, they are most often filled or topped with jams, and vanilla or chocolate custards, while the top is usually dusted with powdered sugar or drizzled with chocolate. The origin of the word krapfen dates back to 9th century, and the recipes in German can be found as early as the 14th century. The sweet versions of the pastry became predominant, and have remained closely associated with the Carnival, a festive period which precedes Christian Lent. Interestingly, during the Carnival, one krapfen in a batch filled with jam and fruit preserves might contain a filling of mustard as a prank. It is believed that doughnuts spread throughout many central European countries, which adopted the technique but used different regional names. Consequently, krapfen in Germany goes under Berliner, pfannkuchen, faschingskrapfen, krebbel, or kreppel. In Poland, they are known as pączki or krepel, Hungarians refer to them as fánk, Slovak as šišky, while the Czechs use the term koblihy. In Slovenia, they are better known as krofi, while the standard name throughout Croatia, Bosnia, and Serbia is krofne or krafne. In St. Petersburg, Russia, the doughnuts are known as pyshki (either ring-shaped or without a hole), and there is a local café that has been serving pyshki prepared from the original recipe since the 1960s.
Lángos is a thick, yeast-leavened flatbread that is stretched by hand and deep-fried in hot fat until the exterior forms a crispy, blistered crust while the interior remains soft and airy. Its name originates from the word "láng," meaning "flame," reflecting its earliest form as a simple morning snack baked at the very front of a wood-fired brick oven, alongside glowing embers. Before the 1950s, making this bread was closely tied to the weekly routine of baking large household loaves. Bakers scraped the sticky leftover dough from the sides of large wooden kneading troughs, a practice that earned the scraps the slang term "vakolat," which translates to plaster. These days it can be found throughout Hungary, Austria, Croatia, and Romania. These flattened pieces were baked quickly in the receding heat and consumed fresh with butter, animal fat, or sour cream for breakfast on baking days. As rural households urbanized and domestic bread-making declined rapidly during the mid-20th century, the item shifted from a baked household good into a ubiquitous commercial street food submerged entirely in large vats of boiling oil or pork lard. The dough is made by dissolving active yeast in warm milk with a pinch of sugar to activate it, then thoroughly kneading it with wheat flour, salt, and lukewarm water. After the mixture rests in a warm environment until it doubles in size, individuals coat their hands in oil to effortlessly tear off small portions, stretching them into wide circles with slightly thinner centers before dropping them into the hot frying fat. The heavily favored standard topping involves brushing the hot, blistered surface with crushed raw garlic or garlic water, then heavily blanketing it with thick sour cream and piling on a massive mound of grated yellow cheese. More modern takes include toppings such as chopped fresh dill, pungent sheep's milk cheese, sliced sausages, roasted bell pepper stews, or bits of ham. Entirely different structural variations include potato lángos, which have boiled, mashed tubers mixed into the raw flour mixture to create a denser, heavier bite, and cabbage lángos, which feature braised cabbage incorporated into the batter before frying. Vendors also offer a folded version in which savory meat fillings are encased entirely within the dough, creating a sealed pocket. Older baked variations resembling thick, rustic pizzas still exist under regional names like langalló, kenyérlángos, or töki pompos, heavily topped with bacon and onions, and baked in an oven rather than deep-fried. The freshly fried discs function strictly as immediate, calorie-dense meals, primarily purchased at summer lakeside resorts, outdoor markets, and busy transit hubs, eaten exclusively by hand while standing or walking. Because the fried structure degrades and turns rubbery rapidly as it cools, consuming it steaming hot straight from the oil is absolutely mandatory.
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