Top 100 European Wine Varieties

Saperavi is a resilient red Georgian grape that originated in the eastern region of Kakheti, and though it is still predominant in Georgia, small amounts are also grown in other Eastern European regions, Australia, and the United States. This teinturier grape that has dark skins and flesh produces full-bodied wines of a dark garnet color which are characterized by aromas of ripe red berries and pleasant acidity. Most wines produced from the Saperavi grapes are varietal and have a great tendency to age. Sapervai wines are incredibly versatile and can match a variety of dishes, including delicate fish dishes, stews, grilled meat, or game. Expand

Nero d’Avola is an indigenous Sicilian red grape, whose name, meaning the black of Avola, refers to its distinctive dark color. For most of the 20th century, Nero d'Avola was used as a blending grape, but in the 1990s winemakers started making high-quality, bold varietal wines. Nero d’Avola wines are typically produced as dense and dark, with flavors reminiscent of black fruit and chocolate, or as young and fresh wines that are characterized by cherry and herbal notes. They are high in tannins and pair well with rich meat dishes, hearty stews, and barbecued meat.Expand

Primitivo is an Italian grape variety with quite interesting origins. Research conducted in 1994 proved that the grape is identical to Californian Zinfandel, while it was later discovered that both grapes originated from an old and obscure Croatian grape Crljenak Kaštelanski. Despite the same lineage, these grapes are influenced by their terroir, and they can slightly differ in character. In Italy, Primitivo is mostly cultivated in Apulia, where it is used in the appellation Primitivo di Manduria. Primitivo is a somewhat rustic wine, dark, intense, and rich in tannins that tend to mellow with age. Young styles usually display fruity aromas of cherries, plums, and blackberries, as well as floral notes of violets. Aged varieties tend to develop nuances of cocoa, tobacco, and spices. Primitivo is best paired with meat dishes and aged cheese. It can also work well with lamb, vegetable dishes, game, and legumes. Expand

Gewurztraminer is a pink-skinned grape that produces some of the most aromatic and complex white wines in the world. The exact origin of Gewurztraminer is hard to trace, but the grape is related to Traminer family that is cultivated across Europe, and although Gewurztraminer has shown success in Germany, Austria, Australia, Washington and California, the French Alsace region remains its foreground. Alsace produces varietals that are rich and typically deeply colored, often low in acidity and high in alcohol with exotic aromas of lychee and rose petals. Their character and the body heavily depends on the terroir and ripeness of the grapes, and they may range from dry to off-dry and sweet styles. Dry Gewurztraminer from Alsace is a perfect match to cheese and savory, preferably spicy or creamy dishes, while sweeter styles may match fruit or spiced desserts. Expand

Albariño is a white grape variety grown in northwest Spain (Galicia) and northwest Portugal (Monção and Melgaço) where it is used to make varietal white wines. Albariño wines are very light, fresh, crisp, with high acids and of a rich, floral, and aromatic character. Its specific aromas often include white peach, apricot, melon, pineapple, mango, and honeysuckle with an underlying minerality. Albariño wines are very versatile when it comes to food pairing, with seafood being the most obvious choice, along with a variety of dishes from Chinese, Indian, and Thai cuisine.Expand

Riesling is an aromatic white grape native to Germany. It is a terroir-driven wine known for its versatile character and intense aroma, usually reminiscent of citrus, petroleum, and white flowers. In Alsace, Riesling is one of the main varieties. Although the grape is often associated with sweeter styles, most of the examples coming from Alsace are bone dry. Riesling from Alsace can slightly vary in character, from leaner to more opulent, flavor-packed expressions, but it is generally complex, richly flavored, and high in acidity. It has intense citrus, stone fruit, and floral aromas. Usually, these wines will have steel-like mineral notes. They are typically full-bodied and have good aging potential, with the best vintages reaching up to 15 years. Most Rieslings are excellent with food. Lighter Alsace styles should be paired with lighter dishes, primarily seafood, including fish, shellfish, and crustaceans, but they could also work with salads and poultry. More complex and concentrated examples can be paired with Asian fare, and late harvest styles (Vendange Tardive) are best paired with desserts. Alsace Riesling will usually have higher alcohol content than their German counterparts.Expand

Baga is a red grape variety mostly used in the Portuguese Bairrada appellation. This dark-skinned grape can produce wines of various characters, but until the 1980s, most producers used it for inexpensive bulk wines. When the approach and the techniques were adjusted, it was shown that Baga is able to produce excellent quality wines with great aromatic structure, good acidity, and firm tannins. Baga wines are built for long aging and significantly benefit from the time spent in the bottle. The powerful tannins will tone down, and the aromas usually gain some elegance and complexity. Young Baga wines will have aromas of red berries and fruit, which may evolve into more complex expressions of tobacco, plums, and coffee. The usual bright acidity found in Baga wines makes them an excellent pairing with food. They can match hearty meat dishes and would go especially well with red meat. Some examples would also work well with seafood or cheese. Apart from red wines, Braga has recently been used in the production of excellent sparkling rosés. The grape is also used in Mateus Rosé—popular and uncomplicated Portuguese rosé.Expand

Sangiovese is a red grape variety indigenous to Italy that is predominantly grown in Tuscany, but also in other central and southern regions, from Romagna down to Lazio, Campania, and Sicily. It is best known as the main grape used in Chianti or Vino Nobile di Montepulciano and as the only grape in the prestigious Brunello di Montalcino. Though its flavor profile may be influenced by the terroir, Sangiovese based wines are rich in tannins and high in acidity, while their flavor is savory, and may range from rustic to fruity, with typical notes of cherries, dark stone fruit, spices, tobacco, and dry herbs. Because of its savory character, it goes well with a wide range dishes, including pasta, pizza, grilled meats, poultry, charcuterie and matured cheese varieties.Expand

Pinot Gris, also known as Pinot Grigio and Grauburgunder, is a white grape variety whose origins are believed to be in Burgundy, but the grape has shown amazing potential in Alsace—the region with which it is mostly associated nowadays. In Alsace, Pinot Gris is considered a noble grape. In the past, it was mistakenly related with Hungarian Tokaj, and it was often called Tokaj d'Alsace. The wines made from Pinot Gris considerably differ in character than those found in other wine-growing regions. They are dense and concentrated, with typical notes of white flowers, honey, ginger, apricot, lemons, spices, and dry fruit. The wines are typically dry with some off-dry varieties. They are usually full-bodied and pair well with poultry, feathered game, and pork. Expand

Touriga Nacional is a red grape variety indigenous to Portugal, mainly used to make port. It is predominately grown in the wine regions of Douro and Dão, and recently it has become an appreciated varietal dry wine, which offers great value for money and has a good aging potential. The wines are usually high in tannins, with a full body, intense flavors, and aromas of blue and black fruits, violets, spices, mint, and cocoa. Touriga Nacional is occasionally blended with Touriga Franca and Tempranillo, which creates more approachable, balanced wines. Dry Touriga Nacional should be paired with rich red meat dishes and fruit-infused sauces that are not too laden with spices.Expand

Champagne Krug is one of the most prestigious and revered Champagne houses, renowned for its unwavering commitment to excellence and the artistry of champagne-making. Founded in 1843 by Johann Joseph Krug, this family-run house has always adhered to a philosophy of uncompromising quality, emphasizing the individuality of each vintage and terroir.

Krug stands apart with its unique approach - each bottle of champagne is crafted from meticulously selected wines from different years and vineyards, creating unparalleled depth, complexity, and richness. Their most iconic champagne, Krug Grande Cuvée, embodies this philosophy, blending up to 200 wines from over 10 different vintages to achieve perfect harmony and sophistication in every edition. Additionally, Krug is renowned for its exclusive vintage champagnes, Krug Rosé, and rare single-vineyard expressions like Clos du Mesnil and Clos d'Ambonnay, which originate from exceptional, limited-production plots.

Each bottle undergoes an extended aging process in Krug’s cellars, allowing the champagnes to develop profound aromas, refined textures, and remarkable elegance. With an uncompromising dedication to quality, a deep respect for tradition, and an innovative spirit, Krug remains synonymous with luxury, refinement, and the ultimate champagne experience.Expand

Estate Argyros is a family-owned winery on the island of Santorini, founded in 1903 in the village of Episkopi Gonia, in the heart of the island’s volcanic wine-growing zone. The estate covers more than 120 hectares of vineyards, making Argyros one of the largest private vineyard owners on Santorini.

Most vines are 70-100 years old, while some parcels of Assyrtiko exceed 150-200 years, resulting in extremely low yields but grapes of remarkable concentration and purity. The terroir is harsh and distinctive - volcanic, rocky and sandy soil with almost no organic material, naturally protecting the vines from disease and allowing them to remain ungrafted on their original rootstock.

The traditional training method known as kouloura, where the vine is shaped into a basket, protects the grapes from strong winds and intense sun. The winery is especially devoted to the native variety Assyrtiko, which here expresses a unique combination of salinity, minerality and sharp linear structure.

Argyros combines minimal intervention in the vineyard with precise winemaking, preserving both varietal character and terroir expression. Their dry Assyrtiko wines are known for high acidity, tension and exceptional aging potential.

The estate also produces other indigenous varieties such as Aidani and Mavrotragano. A signature of the winery is Vinsanto, a traditional dessert wine made from sun-dried grapes and aged for years in oak barrels, resulting in deep complexity and richness.Expand

With over 1000 years of history, Château de Meursault follows an approach of excellence in respect of nature, the environment and the climates. With the 2022 vintage, the entire vineyard of Château de Meursault is conducted in organic farming.Expand

Louis Roederer is one of the most prestigious and oldest independent Champagne houses, synonymous with luxury, tradition, and innovation. Founded in 1776 in the heart of Champagne, in the city of Reims, this family-run house has been nurturing the art of producing exceptional Champagnes for centuries, captivating connoisseurs worldwide. The true rise of the house began in 1833, when Louis Roederer took over the family business and introduced a revolutionary approach - unlike other producers who purchased grapes, he decided to own and cultivate his own vineyards.

This decision allowed him complete control over quality, terroir, and the unique style of his Champagnes, establishing the Louis Roederer brand’s distinctive signature. Thanks to its passion, expertise, and unwavering commitment to excellence, Louis Roederer remains one of the most respected Champagne producers in the world, cherished by collectors, sommeliers, and lovers of fine wines.Expand

Weingut Dr. Loosen is a family-owned winery located in the Mosel wine region.

The estate has been in the Loosen family for over 200 years, specializing in Riesling wines. Under the leadership of Ernst "Erni" Loosen since 1988, the winery has gained international acclaim for producing high-quality Rieslings that reflect the unique characteristics of their vineyards. The estate's vineyards are situated on the steep slopes of the Middle Mosel, featuring various soil types, including red slate, blue slate, and red volcanic conglomerate.

Some of the vines are up to 140 years old and ungrafted, contributing to the distinctiveness of their wines. Dr.

Loosen produces a full range of Riesling styles, following family traditions: dry wines inspired by the paternal Loosen side and Prädikat wines influenced by the maternal Prüm family branch.Expand

Gaja is one of the most respected names in the world of wine, known for exceptional quality, refined elegance, and a harmonious blend of tradition and modern vision. The philosophy of this family-run winery is rooted in deep respect for nature and thoughtful care throughout every stage of production, from vineyard to bottle. The wines are celebrated for their precision, structure, and layered complexity.

Whether crafted from native or international grape varieties, each expression reflects the distinct character of the land and the meticulous attention given to the vineyard. Single-vineyard labels hold a special place, capturing the unique identity of their origin. Gaja balances heritage with innovation.

The winery remains committed to its values while continuously evolving. Each wine embodies expertise, passion, and a clear vision, leaving a lasting impression through its depth and authenticity. The name Gaja stands for consistency, character, and timeless style, earning its place among the most esteemed producers in the world of fine wine.Expand

Maison Albert Bichot is a historic Burgundy wine house founded in 1831 and based in Beaune, at the heart of the region. Still family-owned, it has evolved from a traditional négociant into a major vineyard owner, managing over 100 hectares across six estates in key areas such as Chablis, Côte de Nuits, Côte de Beaune, and Beaujolais.

The house combines estate-grown fruit with grapes sourced from long-term partner growers, all vinified under strict quality control to ensure consistency and authenticity. Its philosophy centers on expressing Burgundy’s “climats,” emphasizing the unique identity of each vineyard through minimal intervention and precise winemaking.

The portfolio focuses mainly on Pinot Noir and Chardonnay, ranging from regional appellations to Premier Cru and Grand Cru wines. Sustainability is a core principle, with most estates farmed organically and a strong commitment to environmentally responsible practices.

The wines are known for their balance, purity, and clear sense of origin. Over time, Maison Albert Bichot has built a strong international reputation, supported by numerous awards and consistent critical recognition.Expand

Domaine de la Romanée-Conti is more than a wine estate – it is a symbol of purity, heritage, and quiet perfection. Revered around the world, DRC is known for crafting some of the most extraordinary and sought-after wines in existence.

Each bottle reflects a philosophy rooted in deep respect for nature, time, and tradition. The vineyards are cultivated entirely through organic and biodynamic practices, with minimal intervention and extreme attention to detail.

Every vine is tended by hand, yields are deliberately low, and fermentation follows the natural rhythms of the land. The estate believes that great wine must speak of where it comes from – of soil, climate, and vintage – without artifice.

The result is a collection of wines that are not only technically perfect, but also emotionally moving: elegant, profound, and timeless. Domaine de la Romanée-Conti doesn’t follow trends.

It follows its own truth – and in doing so, creates wines that transcend expectation and define greatness.Expand

Marqués de Murrieta is one of Spain’s most iconic wineries, with a legacy that dates back to 1852. As a pioneer of modern winemaking in Rioja, the estate introduced Bordeaux-inspired techniques while preserving the unique character of the local terroir, laying the groundwork for what would become a benchmark in Spanish viticulture. Located on the historic Ygay Estate near Logroño, the winery combines over 300 hectares of vineyards with a state-of-the-art winemaking facility and the magnificent Castillo de Ygay, a 19th-century château that serves as the heart of the estate.

The castle also houses a wine museum, offering visitors a glimpse into the rich cultural and historical heritage of Marqués de Murrieta and Spanish wine. Led by the Cebrián-Sagarriga family and renowned winemaker María Vargas, the estate produces wines of great elegance, structure, and longevity. Among them, the celebrated Castillo Ygay Gran Reserva Especial stands out as a true expression of Rioja’s aging potential and depth. Marqués de Murrieta is more than a winery - it is a symbol of tradition, excellence, and innovation, where history and modernity coexist to create wines of timeless character and international acclaim.Expand

The Champagne house Bollinger, founded in 1829 in Aÿ, France, stands as a symbol of excellence and tradition in the world of champagne. Bollinger is distinguished by its unique style that blends power, refinement, and complexity, allowing fruity aromas to fully express themselves.

Their wines, such as the iconic Special Cuvée, reflect richness and depth of flavor, thanks to a careful selection of grapes and traditional winemaking methods. For nearly two centuries, Bollinger has remained true to its family values and independence, which has enabled the house to preserve authenticity and consistent quality in its champagnes. Their commitment to sustainability and environmental preservation further highlights a responsible approach to production and care for future generations. Today, Bollinger continues to captivate champagne lovers around the world, combining a rich heritage with innovation, always striving for perfection in every bottle.Expand