Top 100 Western European Cheeses

Considered to be among the world's top quality cheeses, Parmigiano Reggiano is made with raw, semi-skimmed milk from cows grazing on fresh grass and hay. It has a hard, gritty texture and its flavors range from nutty to robust and slightly piquant, depending on how long the cheese had matured. The origins of Parmigiano Reggiano date back to the Middle Ages, when the Benedictine and Cistercian monks reclaimed the Po Valley wetlands and started producing this much-prized cheese. Since it originated and was mainly produced in the two city-states Parma and Reggio Emilia, the cheese was named Parmigiano Reggiano, meaning "a cheese from Parma and Reggio Emilia." The cheese got its name in the 19th century, and the word order is speculated to be purely due to alphabetical order. Today, the cheese goes by the unofficial Parmigiano, which is because Parma started promoting this cheese as coming from Parma when it became the capital of the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza in the 16th century. Today, it is produced in the provinces of Parma, Reggio Emilia, Modena and Bologna in Emilia-Romagna, as well as in the Lombardian province of Mantua. Parmigiano is available in following varieties: Mezzano (2nd selection, aged for 12-15 months), Parmigiano Reggiano (aged for 12-24 months or longer) and Parmigiano Reggiano Extra, which needs to pass an additional quality assessment test after 18 months of aging. This particularly versatile cheese is one of the essential ingredients used in a number of classic Italian dishes; it is ideal for grating over pasta, minestrone and consommé, but it can also be enjoyed as a table cheese, typically served with crudités, salads and fresh fruit or nuts.Expand

Azeitão is a semi-soft cheese made from unpasteurized sheep milk. The origins of this cheese date back to the 19th century, when Gaspar Henriques de Paiva emigrated to the town of Azeitão. Out of nostalgia for his place of birth, he imported black dairy sheep from his home town to Azeitão and brought cheesemakers from Beira Baixa to make cheeses. De Paiva's Azeitão cheeses quickly became famous throughout Portugal, winning several awards at agricultural fairs. The milk for this cheese is taken from sheep that graze on natural vegetation in the pastures of Azeitão. The sheep are milked manually, and the milk is mixed with the extract of a local variety of thistle to start the curdling process instead of animal rennet, meaning the cheese is 100% vegetarian. Salt is added to the curd, which is then manually worked and wrapped into muslin cloth bundles, called cinchos. The finished cheese is round and flat with a yellowish crust concealing a light-colored interior with a semi-solid consistency. The flavor is both sour and salty with herby undertones. This runny cheese is best served scooped onto a slice of fresh bread, and also makes a delicious dessert when paired with fruit and a semi-dry white wine.Expand

Though there are many buffalo mozzarella cheeses made with a combination of buffalo and cow's milk, to be labeled as such, the genuine mozzarella di bufala campana must be made from 100% domestic water buffalo milk and produced either in Campania or the neighboring Lazio, Apulia and Molise regions. Buffalo milk is known to be higher in calcium and protein while lower in cholesterol, which makes this mozzarella cheese particularly prized and sought after. Buffalo mozzarella always comes packaged in brine; it has a mild yet slightly sour taste, and goes well with various Italian antipasti dishes, especially with classics like the Caprese salad.Expand

Serra da Estrela is a semi-soft cheese made from the milk of Bordaleira Serra da Estrela and Churra Mondegueira breeds of sheep. Milking is done by hand, after which the milk is heated, salted, and curdled using thistle extract. The curd is formed into cheeses, which are left to ripen in humid and cold conditions. The cheese has a creamy, semi-soft interior that is yellowish-white in color, while its flavor is clean, sweet, and slightly sour. This cheese is Portugal's oldest, most traditional food product with international acclaim. In the 13th century, the king of Portugal opened the first cheese market in Celorico da Beira, in the Serra da Estrela mountain range, where the cheese is still produced today. This cheese was even present on some of the first ships to sail to the New World. Serra da Estrela is traditionally consumed as an appetizer or dessert, and it pairs well with regional wines from the Dão region and broa—local cornbread. A product rich in tradition and culture, Serra da Estrela cheese is the pride of the region, and it is considered the father of all sheep cheeses in Portugal.Expand

Produced exclusively on the island of Sardinia, Pecorino Sardo is a semi-cooked, hard cheese made with whole milk from the pasture-grazing Sarda sheep. This breed is indigenous to Sardinia, raised throughout Italy and considered to be among the best domestic breeds for milk production. Highly adaptable to different terrains, Sarda sheep feed on fragrant Mediterranean shrubs, which gives Pecorino its distinctive aromatic flavor. It is available in two varieties: Pecorino Sardo Dolce (mild), a sweet and more delicate version, and Pecorino Sardo Maturo (mature), a much stronger flavored cheese that's matured for at least 2 months and pleasantly piquant. While Dolce is consumed as table cheese, often paired with fresh vegetables or grapes and pears, Maturo is typically grated over pasta dishes or enjoyed at the end of a meal and pairs wonderfully with bread, olive oil, and pine nuts.Expand

Burrata, literary meaning buttered, is an artisan cheese from the Puglia region of Southern Italy, especially the provinces of Bari and Barletta-Andria-Trani. The cheese is made by hand with cow's milk, rennet, and cream. It is believed that the cheese was created by Lorenzo Bianchino Chieppa, a cheesemaker who had an idea to form a shell of stretched mozzarella strings and fill it with luscious, rich cream and smaller, leftover pieces of mozzarella. The result was a true delicacy with the creamiest interior and a rich flavor of fresh milk, which very quickly became extremely popular. Burrata should be eaten as fresh as possible - ideally within 24 hours of being made. It can be served alone, seasoned only with some salt, pepper, and a drizzle of extra virgin olive oil, but it is also delicious when accompanied by fresh tomatoes and prosciutto crudo, or when used as a topping for pizzas or bruschettas.Expand

Saint-Félicien is a soft French cheese originating from the region of Rhône-Alpes. The cheese is made from cow’s milk and has a creamy texture, while its flavor can be described as fruity, sour, nutty, and buttery. During the aging process, it develops a bloomy rind with a strong mushroomy aroma which does not really match the flavors of the cheese. Due to its fragile nature, this cheese often comes packaged in small terracotta pots. It is recommended to pair it with crusty baguettes, olives, or a glass of red wine.Expand

Back in the 15th century, when Pecorino production used to begin in spring, this Tuscan delicacy was called Cacio Marzolino, meaning March cheese. Nowadays, Pecorino Toscano is also produced in Lazio and Umbria, Tuscany's neighboring regions, and available year-round as either Fresco (fresh) or Stagionato (matured for at least 4 months). This soft to semi-hard cheese is made with whole milk from sheep feasting on pastures nestled between the Apennines and the Tyrrhenian Sea. Compared to other varieties of Pecorino cheese, Toscano is only briefly salted and thus retains its delicate, sweet flavor. Depending on how mature it is, Pecorino Toscano can be enjoyed as a table cheese or used for grating over various pasta dishes or hearty Tuscan potage soups such as Ribollita. Fresco or Stagionato, it also pairs well with fresh vegetables, fruits, jam, and honey.Expand

Often called the heavenly cheese, St. André is a French triple-crème cheese made from cow’s milk. It originated from Coutances in the region of Normandy. Underneath its bloomy edible rind, there is a dense, creamy-textured body with mild and rich aromas and flavors which can best be described as sour, tangy, buttery, and salty. Because it is enhanced with the addition of heavy cream, its fat content is quite high - typically 75%. It is recommended to pair it with crusty bread, pear slices, or a glass of light and fruity rosé.Expand

One of the oldest cheeses produced in Europe, Pecorino Siciliano is a semi-cooked, hard cheese, made with raw, whole milk from various sheep breeds reared all across the island of Sicily. Easily distinguished by the reed woven basket pattern on its rind, this type of Pecorino has a pronounced herbal aroma, and a well-balanced piquant flavor, which tends to become stronger as the cheese ripens. It is available in following varieties: Tuma, Primo Sale, Secondo Sale and Stagionato. Both fresh and semi-matured Pecorino Siciliano are great as table cheeses, typically served with bread and olives, while the more matured versions are especially good for grating and adding flavor to various pasta dishes.Expand

Mons Fromager Affineur is a renowned family-owned company based in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France, with roots dating back to the 1960s when it was founded by the Mons family. Today, it is led by Hervé Mons, a respected cheese expert and recipient of the prestigious Meilleur Ouvrier de France title, who, together with his brother Laurent, continues the family’s legacy of excellence in the world of cheese. The company collaborates with over 130 local milk producers, fostering long-term, trust-based relationships grounded in quality, sustainability, and respect for geographical origin. Production takes place in two modern dairies that combine traditional craftsmanship with contemporary hygiene and technological standards, with particular emphasis placed on preserving natural processes and authentic flavors. Their aging facilities are a vital part of flavor and texture development, where cheeses mature for months under constant care and supervision. Mons distributes its products to more than 30 countries, including the United States, Japan, Sweden, and Canada, establishing itself as a global ambassador of French cheesemaking artistry.Expand

Crémerie Juraflore is a renowned cheesemaking establishment located in Poligny, at the heart of the Jura region in France. Founded in 1907, it is part of Fromageries Arnaud, a family-owned company that has upheld the tradition of producing and aging authentic French cheeses for over a century. The company is especially known for its Comté cheese, crafted from raw milk sourced from cows grazing on the lush pastures of the Jura. This cheese is then matured in the unique environment of Fort des Rousses, a former military fortress now transformed into an impressive network of cheese-aging cellars. At their shop in Poligny, visitors can explore a wide selection of cheeses aged anywhere from 5 to 36 months, along with other regional specialties such as cured meats, honey, and local beverages. Crémerie Juraflore is widely respected for its dedication to quality and its commitment to preserving traditional cheesemaking methods.Expand

Caseificio di Gavasseto e Roncadella is an Italian cheese producer located in the Gavasseto area. The company specializes in making Parmigiano Reggiano, a type of cheese that adheres to strict production regulations tied to its geographical origin. Their products are aged for various periods to develop distinct flavors and textures that cater to different taste preferences and culinary uses.Expand

Fromagerie Berthaut is a renowned and respected French dairy company specializing in the production of high-quality cheeses, with a particular emphasis on tradition. The company is located in the heart of Burgundy, a region famous for its rich culinary traditions and delicacies, particularly its cheese production. Founded in 1956 by Robert and Simone Berthaut, the company dedicated itself to reviving and producing traditional cheeses from Burgundy, including the legendary Époisses. Today, Fromagerie Berthaut has earned a reputation as one of the most important cheese producers in France, known for preserving tradition and maintaining high-quality standards. The company continues to use milk from local farms, supporting regional agriculture and contributing to sustainability. Given the increasing demand for authentic, artisanal products, Fromagerie Berthaut has significantly expanded its market in recent decades, both in France and internationally. The company has become a key player in the cheese industry, with a strong focus on preserving French dairy traditions.Expand

Grana d’Oro is a family-run dairy from Cavriago, in the heart of Emilia-Romagna, dedicated for generations to producing Parmigiano Reggiano from the milk of the rare and native Rossa Reggiana cows. At a time when many abandoned this breed for higher-yielding alternatives, the Catellani family remained committed to its preservation, recognizing its unique value and the exceptional quality of its milk. Their Parmigiano Reggiano carries the soul of the land – a rich, layered flavor and aroma born from cows grazing on the polyculture meadows typical of the Val d’Enza valley. Each wheel of cheese is a blend of nature, tradition, and devoted craftsmanship, proving that true quality comes from patience and respect for both the land and the animals. Grana d’Oro is not just a cheese producer, but a guardian of Emilia-Romagna’s cultural and gastronomic heritage.Expand

Etxaldia is a cheese producer located in France. They specialize in traditional Basque cheeses using local sheep's milk. The operation includes both farming and cheese-making processes, ensuring control over the entire production chain. Their products are known for their authentic flavors reflective of the Basque region's heritage.Expand

Quesería Artesanal Los Payuelos is a cheese producer located in Leon, Spain, specializing in artisanal cheeses that leverage local milk and traditional methods. They are known for producing cheese using milk from sheep breeds indigenous to the region. Their products often feature in Spanish gourmet markets and are highlighted for their unique regional flavors.Expand

Quesería Temia is an artisan cheesemaker located in the small village of Temia, in the municipality of Grado in central Asturias, best known for producing Afuega'l Pitu cheese with Protected Designation of Origin status. Its origins date back to 1978, when Oliva Fernández Tamargo and Francisco Sánchez began making cheese using milk from their own cows, following traditional local methods. The dairy later became one of the first registered producers of Afuega'l Pitu in the area, contributing to the preservation and wider recognition of this historic Asturian cheese. Today, Quesería Temia continues as a family-run operation, combining manual production with locally sourced raw materials and knowledge passed down through generations. Its range focuses on different styles of Afuega'l Pitu, including variations in texture and format, as well as versions with added paprika. The cheese is made from cow’s milk and is known for its compact structure, which can be slightly dry, with flavours that range from mild and milky to more intense and piquant depending on maturation. Quesería Temia has played a role in bringing greater visibility to this cheese through presence in specialty markets, gastronomy and international distribution. Its products are regularly found in gourmet shops and at food events, where they represent an authentic expression of Asturian cheesemaking. Despite this broader reach, the dairy remains focused on small-scale production and a close connection to its rural environment. Quesería Temia can therefore be seen as a producer that preserves the identity of one of Asturias’ oldest cheeses through a balance of tradition, family work and regional character.Expand

Fromagerie du Mont d'Or, located in the picturesque village of Métabief in the Doubs region of France, represents a family cheesemaking tradition nurtured by the Sancey-Richard family for over 50 years. This artisanal fromagerie is renowned for producing authentic French cheeses with protected designation of origin. All cheeses are made exclusively from raw milk of Montbéliarde cows, collected daily from local producers in the Métabief area. The production and aging processes take place in traditional cellars, where more than a thousand cheeses mature under carefully controlled conditions. Visitors can enjoy self-guided tours of the production facility and shop, which offers a wide range of regional products, including cured meats, honey, jams, and wines from the Jura region. Fromagerie du Mont d'Or stands as a symbol of dedication to quality, tradition, and the preservation of local gastronomic heritage, making it an essential destination for lovers of authentic French cheeses.Expand

Latteria Sociale Valtellina is a dairy cooperative based in the Valtellina valley in Lombardy, founded in 1969 with the aim of uniting local milk producers and safeguarding the alpine dairy tradition of northern Italy. The cooperative brings together farmers working in mountainous areas, where cows graze on high-altitude pastures that strongly influence the quality and aromatic profile of the milk. Its production is deeply rooted in the territory and reflects a close relationship between landscape, agriculture, and local know-how. Latteria Sociale Valtellina is especially known for cheeses and dairy products typical of the region, alongside butter, cream, ricotta, fresh cheeses, and yogurt. The cooperative model allows for consistent quality while supporting small-scale farmers and preserving traditional practices. Modern processing standards are combined with respect for seasonality, animal welfare, and sustainable use of alpine resources. Through this approach, Latteria Sociale Valtellina plays a key role in maintaining the gastronomic identity and cultural heritage of the Valtellina region.Expand