Top 100 European Raw Milk Cheeses

Considered to be among the world's top quality cheeses, Parmigiano Reggiano is made with raw, semi-skimmed milk from cows grazing on fresh grass and hay. It has a hard, gritty texture and its flavors range from nutty to robust and slightly piquant, depending on how long the cheese had matured. The origins of Parmigiano Reggiano date back to the Middle Ages, when the Benedictine and Cistercian monks reclaimed the Po Valley wetlands and started producing this much-prized cheese. Since it originated and was mainly produced in the two city-states Parma and Reggio Emilia, the cheese was named Parmigiano Reggiano, meaning "a cheese from Parma and Reggio Emilia." The cheese got its name in the 19th century, and the word order is speculated to be purely due to alphabetical order. Today, the cheese goes by the unofficial Parmigiano, which is because Parma started promoting this cheese as coming from Parma when it became the capital of the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza in the 16th century. Today, it is produced in the provinces of Parma, Reggio Emilia, Modena and Bologna in Emilia-Romagna, as well as in the Lombardian province of Mantua. Parmigiano is available in following varieties: Mezzano (2nd selection, aged for 12-15 months), Parmigiano Reggiano (aged for 12-24 months or longer) and Parmigiano Reggiano Extra, which needs to pass an additional quality assessment test after 18 months of aging. This particularly versatile cheese is one of the essential ingredients used in a number of classic Italian dishes; it is ideal for grating over pasta, minestrone and consommé, but it can also be enjoyed as a table cheese, typically served with crudités, salads and fresh fruit or nuts.Expand

Azeitão is a semi-soft cheese made from unpasteurized sheep milk. The origins of this cheese date back to the 19th century, when Gaspar Henriques de Paiva emigrated to the town of Azeitão. Out of nostalgia for his place of birth, he imported black dairy sheep from his home town to Azeitão and brought cheesemakers from Beira Baixa to make cheeses. De Paiva's Azeitão cheeses quickly became famous throughout Portugal, winning several awards at agricultural fairs. The milk for this cheese is taken from sheep that graze on natural vegetation in the pastures of Azeitão. The sheep are milked manually, and the milk is mixed with the extract of a local variety of thistle to start the curdling process instead of animal rennet, meaning the cheese is 100% vegetarian. Salt is added to the curd, which is then manually worked and wrapped into muslin cloth bundles, called cinchos. The finished cheese is round and flat with a yellowish crust concealing a light-colored interior with a semi-solid consistency. The flavor is both sour and salty with herby undertones. This runny cheese is best served scooped onto a slice of fresh bread, and also makes a delicious dessert when paired with fruit and a semi-dry white wine.Expand

Serra da Estrela is a semi-soft cheese made from the milk of Bordaleira Serra da Estrela and Churra Mondegueira breeds of sheep. Milking is done by hand, after which the milk is heated, salted, and curdled using thistle extract. The curd is formed into cheeses, which are left to ripen in humid and cold conditions. The cheese has a creamy, semi-soft interior that is yellowish-white in color, while its flavor is clean, sweet, and slightly sour. This cheese is Portugal's oldest, most traditional food product with international acclaim. In the 13th century, the king of Portugal opened the first cheese market in Celorico da Beira, in the Serra da Estrela mountain range, where the cheese is still produced today. This cheese was even present on some of the first ships to sail to the New World. Serra da Estrela is traditionally consumed as an appetizer or dessert, and it pairs well with regional wines from the Dão region and broa—local cornbread. A product rich in tradition and culture, Serra da Estrela cheese is the pride of the region, and it is considered the father of all sheep cheeses in Portugal.Expand

Produced exclusively on the island of Sardinia, Pecorino Sardo is a semi-cooked, hard cheese made with whole milk from the pasture-grazing Sarda sheep. This breed is indigenous to Sardinia, raised throughout Italy and considered to be among the best domestic breeds for milk production. Highly adaptable to different terrains, Sarda sheep feed on fragrant Mediterranean shrubs, which gives Pecorino its distinctive aromatic flavor. It is available in two varieties: Pecorino Sardo Dolce (mild), a sweet and more delicate version, and Pecorino Sardo Maturo (mature), a much stronger flavored cheese that's matured for at least 2 months and pleasantly piquant. While Dolce is consumed as table cheese, often paired with fresh vegetables or grapes and pears, Maturo is typically grated over pasta dishes or enjoyed at the end of a meal and pairs wonderfully with bread, olive oil, and pine nuts.Expand

Saint-Félicien is a soft French cheese originating from the region of Rhône-Alpes. The cheese is made from cow’s milk and has a creamy texture, while its flavor can be described as fruity, sour, nutty, and buttery. During the aging process, it develops a bloomy rind with a strong mushroomy aroma which does not really match the flavors of the cheese. Due to its fragile nature, this cheese often comes packaged in small terracotta pots. It is recommended to pair it with crusty baguettes, olives, or a glass of red wine.Expand

Metsovone is a hard or semi-hard smoked table cheese, produced from cow's milk or alternatively with a mixture of cow's milk with up to 20% sheep’s or goat’s milk. It has been made in the Metsovo mountain region for more than 50 years from locally reared animals' milk. During the manufacturing, it is put in cylindrical molds that are placed in cold water to make the cheese more compact and afterwards placed in pickle. After the drying, the maturation lasts, at least, three months. Finally, it is smoked for a couple of days. It has a textured paste and a slightly yellow rind. The taste is rich, slightly salty and spicy, with a dried fruit aftertaste. It can be enjoyed both raw and cooked and is a regular ingredient in quiches or pizzas. It is an excellent appetizer to serve with a glass of ouzo or wine.Expand

Back in the 15th century, when Pecorino production used to begin in spring, this Tuscan delicacy was called Cacio Marzolino, meaning March cheese. Nowadays, Pecorino Toscano is also produced in Lazio and Umbria, Tuscany's neighboring regions, and available year-round as either Fresco (fresh) or Stagionato (matured for at least 4 months). This soft to semi-hard cheese is made with whole milk from sheep feasting on pastures nestled between the Apennines and the Tyrrhenian Sea. Compared to other varieties of Pecorino cheese, Toscano is only briefly salted and thus retains its delicate, sweet flavor. Depending on how mature it is, Pecorino Toscano can be enjoyed as a table cheese or used for grating over various pasta dishes or hearty Tuscan potage soups such as Ribollita. Fresco or Stagionato, it also pairs well with fresh vegetables, fruits, jam, and honey.Expand

Often called the heavenly cheese, St. André is a French triple-crème cheese made from cow’s milk. It originated from Coutances in the region of Normandy. Underneath its bloomy edible rind, there is a dense, creamy-textured body with mild and rich aromas and flavors which can best be described as sour, tangy, buttery, and salty. Because it is enhanced with the addition of heavy cream, its fat content is quite high - typically 75%. It is recommended to pair it with crusty bread, pear slices, or a glass of light and fruity rosé.Expand

One of the oldest cheeses produced in Europe, Pecorino Siciliano is a semi-cooked, hard cheese, made with raw, whole milk from various sheep breeds reared all across the island of Sicily. Easily distinguished by the reed woven basket pattern on its rind, this type of Pecorino has a pronounced herbal aroma, and a well-balanced piquant flavor, which tends to become stronger as the cheese ripens. It is available in following varieties: Tuma, Primo Sale, Secondo Sale and Stagionato. Both fresh and semi-matured Pecorino Siciliano are great as table cheeses, typically served with bread and olives, while the more matured versions are especially good for grating and adding flavor to various pasta dishes.Expand

Redykołka is a small, semi-hard cheese made from half-fat sheep's milk in the Podhale region in Poland. The name derives from the Polish word redyk, meaning a ceremony where sheep are taken to mountain pastures, kept there grazing and brought back down from the mountains. The cheese is made in unusual shapes of small animals, birds, hearts or spindles. It must not exceed the maximum weight of 300 grams, the smallest one being redykolka in the shape of a spindle and weighing from 30 to 60 grams. It is made from the leftovers in the process of making the famous Polish Oscypek cheese and is regularly confused with it. In the past, Redykolka was often used as a gift from shepherds to children or guests and it was always given in even numbers. The cheese is smooth and white on the interior while it is straw-colored on the exterior due to having been smoked. Its taste is slightly salty, smoky and spicy.Expand

Errington Cheese is a cheese producer based in Scotland. The company specializes in crafting artisan cheeses from sheep’s milk, including their well-known Lanark Blue cheese. Errington Cheese was established in 1983 by Humphrey Errington, and it emphasizes traditional methods in cheese production.Expand

Rohmilchkäserei Backensholz is a cheese producer located in Germany, specializing in organic cheeses made from raw milk. The company is situated in Oster-Ohrstedt, Schleswig-Holstein, and operates with a focus on sustainability and natural cheese production methods. They offer a variety of cheeses, including both cow's milk and goat's milk options, manufactured under strict organic standards.Expand

Jumi is a renowned Swiss cheese manufacturer based in Vechigen, in the Canton of Bern, Switzerland. The company specializes in producing high-quality cheeses using traditional methods passed down through generations. Jumi is known for its cheeses made from raw milk, preserving the authentic taste and character of its products. Through careful selection of ingredients and aging techniques, Jumi creates cheeses that stand out with rich flavors, textures, and aromas, ranging from soft to hard, including blue cheeses. In addition to premium cheeses, Jumi takes pride in its sustainable production approach, where livestock is fed on natural pastures, and milk is processed according to the highest quality standards. The company is committed to preserving tradition while embracing innovations that allow the creation of cheeses that meet even the most demanding consumer expectations.Expand

Walo Von Mühlenen is a Swiss specialist in raw milk cheese, dedicated to the craft of creating exceptional cheese with a rich, Alpine flavor. Based in Switzerland, the company is known for its high-quality cheeses that combine traditional methods with innovative aging techniques. Affineur Walo works closely with nature to produce cheeses that reflect the authenticity and purity of Swiss dairy. Their products highlight their commitment to sustainable practices, using raw milk from cows that graze on rich, natural pastures. Each cheese from Affineur Walo is a unique creation, designed to offer a diverse range of textures and flavors, from creamy to firm, often with a characteristic aromatic finish. Their attention to detail, use of fine ingredients, and respect for the traditional Swiss cheesemaking process have earned them numerous awards and a reputation as a leader in the world of fine cheeses.Expand

Quesería Artesanal Las RRR is a cheese producer based in Granada, Spain. They specialize in crafting artisanal cheeses using traditional methods. They emphasize the use of high-quality, local ingredients in their production process. Their product range includes various types of cheeses, catering to different tastes and preferences.Expand

Luigi Guffanti 1876 is a renowned Italian cheese company based in Arona, in the Piedmont region, known for its multi-generational expertise in aging and refining cheeses. Founded in 1876 by Luigi Guffanti, the company began its journey by aging Gorgonzola in an abandoned silver mine in Valganna, taking advantage of its consistent temperature and humidity conditions for optimal cheese maturation. Over time, the expertise gained in aging Gorgonzola expanded to include a wide variety of other cheeses. Luigi Guffanti 1876 offers an extensive selection of cheeses, including those made from cow’s, sheep’s, goat’s, and buffalo’s milk, as well as blended varieties. The company also welcomes visitors to its aging cellars in Arona, where guests can experience the cheese aging process firsthand and enjoy guided tastings of their artisanal products.Expand

Synnøve Finden is a Norwegian food company with a tradition dating back to 1928, renowned for its expertise in producing cheeses, dairy products, and plant-based dairy alternatives. Over the decades, it has developed a diverse product range - from traditional Norwegian specialties such as brunost, the distinctive caramelized whey cheese, and gulost, to various hard and semi-hard cheeses, processed cheeses, yogurts, and innovative plant-based spreads. All products are made in modern production facilities, where state-of-the-art technology is combined with a strong commitment to preserving authentic flavors and traditional methods. The company uses only milk sourced from Norwegian farms, ensuring freshness and full traceability while supporting local agriculture. This dedication to quality and provenance is reflected in the consistently high standards of its products. By merging Norway’s rich dairy tradition with modern product development, Synnøve Finden has positioned itself as a reliable and innovative brand. It is present in both domestic and international markets, attracting consumers who value authentic taste, premium ingredients, and a contemporary approach to nutrition that respects the environment and evolving dietary habits.Expand

Gourmino, based in Langnau im Emmental, Switzerland, is a cooperative formed by a group of Swiss Alpine dairies specializing in the production of Emmental cheese. This producer focuses on traditional cheese-making methods, aging their cheese in natural cave cellars. Gourmino also plays a significant role in supporting local dairy farmers by providing a stable outlet for their milk, while maintaining a commitment to sustainability and quality in their cheese production processes.Expand

Latteria Sociale Moderna is an agricultural cooperative based in Bibbiano, in the Reggio Emilia region of Italy, renowned for its production of authentic Parmigiano Reggiano cheese. Founded in 1967, the cooperative brings together local milk producers who work collectively to preserve the traditional methods of cheesemaking, passing down knowledge and skills through generations. The cooperative strictly adheres to the production guidelines for Parmigiano Reggiano, using only three essential ingredients: raw cow’s milk, rennet, and salt. The aging process lasts a minimum of 12 months but is often extended to 24, 30, or even 40 months, resulting in a rich and complex flavor. In addition to Parmigiano Reggiano, the cooperative also produces other dairy products such as ricotta and yogurt, as well as cured meats typical of the Emilia-Romagna region.Expand

Cremo is a dairy company based in Switzerland, primarily known for producing cheese, milk, and other dairy products. It was established in 1927 and is headquartered in Villars-sur-Glâne. The company operates in the competitive Swiss dairy industry, serving both local and international markets.Expand